ࡱ> $&#7 m bjbjUU "7|7|ml"""""""6  6W $ - ">"" >>>X"">>>"" }]6r$ ' 0W  . >66""""Brachycephalic syndrome is a group of conditions that cause resistance to airflow through the upper respiratory tract (nose, larynx) in short-nosed breeds of dogs. This syndrome is caused by anatomic abnormalities related to the shortened bones of these dogs' compressed faces without the same proportionate shortening of the overlying soft tissues. The excess soft tissue leads to airway compromise. Brachycephalic breeds of either sex, such as the English bulldog, Boston terrier, pug and Pekingese, are most commonly affected. Stenotic nares (pinched nostrils), overlong soft palate and everted laryngeal saccules are the most common conditions encountered in dogs with this problem. Although the abnormalities are present at birth, clinical signs of respiratory difficulty often begin in early middle age. Increased airway resistance from brachycephalic syndrome over a long period of time can lead to progressive respiratory difficulty. The larynx and trachea become weaker as the large negative pressure of the increased effort on inspiration continually draws them in. Eventually they may collapse causing critical airway obstruction, cyanosis (blueness to the color of the oral membranes), and possibly death. What to Watch For Noisy breathing (especially on inspiration) Exercise intolerance Cyanosis (blue appearance of the gums due to lack of oxygen) Syncope (fainting) ]el m B*ph5B*\aJph0JB*aJph B*aJph m m  1h/ =!"#$% i8@8 NormalCJ_HaJmH sH tH <A@< Default Paragraph Fonto klink&o& preloadwrap4B`4 Body Text B*aJphm  o00000m m m "PWbjN\oolo ASHRAF GOMAAHC:\Documents and Settings\MOHSEN GOMAA\Desktop\Abbott Web\Anesthesia.doc ASHRAF GOMAAFC:\Documents and Settings\MOHSEN GOMAA\Desktop\Abbott Web\hips dog.doc ASHRAF GOMAAhC:\Documents and Settings\MOHSEN GOMAA\Application Data\Microsoft\Word\AutoRecovery save of hips dog.asd ASHRAF GOMAAFC:\Documents and Settings\MOHSEN GOMAA\Desktop\Abbott Web\hips cat.doc ASHRAF GOMAAFC:\Documents and Settings\MOHSEN GOMAA\Desktop\Abbott Web\CCL dogs.doc ASHRAF GOMAAFC:\Documents and Settings\MOHSEN GOMAA\Desktop\Abbott Web\CCL cats.doc ASHRAF GOMAAFC:\Documents and Settings\MOHSEN GOMAA\Desktop\Abbott Web\DJD dogs.doc ASHRAF GOMAAhC:\Documents and Settings\MOHSEN GOMAA\Application Data\Microsoft\Word\AutoRecovery save of DJD dogs.asd ASHRAF GOMAAUC:\Documents and Settings\MOHSEN GOMAA\Desktop\Abbott Web\brachycephalic syndrome.doc@tDm@UnknownGz Times New Roman5Symbol3& z Arial"qhVVy !xr0~2Q4Anesthesia is the total loss of feeling or sensation ASHRAF GOMAA ASHRAF GOMAAOh+'0$ <H d p |5Anesthesia is the total loss of feeling or sensation nes ASHRAF GOMAA thSHRSHRNormalG ASHRAF GOMAA th2HRMicrosoft Word 9.0o@G@L}]@L}]y՜.+,0 hp|   h ~ 5Anesthesia is the total loss of feeling or sensation Title  !"%Root Entry FK}]'1Table WordDocument"SummaryInformation(DocumentSummaryInformation8CompObjjObjectPoolK}]K}]  FMicrosoft Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q